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Waspadai Flu Singapura PDF Print
Tuesday, 21 April 2009
Setelah kasus demam berdarah dengue, warga kembali dihebohkan dengan munculnya penyakit flu singapura. Gejala yang muncul seperti flu biasa, yakni demam yang disertai seriawan di dalam rongga mulut dan muncul bercak-bercak merah di telapak tangan dan kaki.

”Bulan April ini belum ada kasus flu singapura di Jakarta. Tetapi, dua kasus terjadi pada Februari dan dua kasus serupa terjadi Maret lalu,” papar Asisten Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta Effendi Anas di Jalan Kebon Sirih, Jakarta Pusat, Rabu (15/4).

Imbauan itu juga diberikan karena saat ini penyakit tersebut sudah menjangkiti sejumlah warga Depok, Jawa Barat. Seperti diberitakan, delapan bayi di bawah lima tahun di Kelurahan Tirtajaya, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Depok, terkena flu singapura (Kompas, 15/4).

Berdasarkan data dari Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta, kata Anas, penyakit ini tidak mematikan. Namun, proses penularan penyakit flu singapura sangat cepat dengan masa inkubasi selama tujuh hari.

”Waspada terhadap bayi dan anak-anak karena penularan sangat cepat,” ujar Anas.

Menurut dia, virus flu singapura ditularkan dari mereka yang masuk ke Indonesia setelah bepergian atau berlibur dari luar negeri. Penularannya melalui kontak langsung dengan penderita, udara, percikan air liur, urine, dan feses.

”Jika ada yang baru datang dari luar negeri, sebaiknya membuka pakaian dan membersihkan badan sebelum kontak langsung dengan orang, terutama bayi dan anak-anak,” ujar Anas.

Mantan Wali Kota Jakarta Utara ini menegaskan, bila ada warga yang mengalami gejala-gejala tersebut, segeralah mendatangi puskesmas atau dokter agar segera diambil tindakan.

Berdasarkan catatan Kompas, flu Singapura pernah menyerang seorang anak di Jakarta Selatan pada 2004. Saat itu satu sekolah asing terpaksa diliburkan dan diisolasi untuk mencegah meluasnya penyebaran penyakit tersebut (Kompas, Mei 2004). Kasus flu singapura kembali muncul tahun 2007 dan menyerang anak di Jakarta Timur (Kompas, 5/9).

Jangan panik

Prof Herdiman T Pohan, Kepala Divisi Infeksi dan Tropik Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia-Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Cipto Mangunkusumo, mengimbau masyarakat agar tidak panik terkait munculnya kasus flu singapura baru-baru ini di Depok.

Sebagaimana beberapa jenis influenza yang banyak dijumpai di Indonesia, flu singapura yang ditularkan melalui udara itu hanya menimbulkan kesakitan pada penderitanya. ”Kecuali flu burung, penyakit influenza lain tidak berakibat fatal bagi penderita,” kata Herdiman.

Penderita flu singapura biasanya mengalami beberapa gejala, yaitu demam, batuk, pilek, pegal-pegal, capek, dan timbul bercak merah di telapak tangan, lengan, kadang juga ditemukan di bagian kaki. ”Bila menyerang orang dewasa, biasanya tidak menimbulkan masalah serius. Orang dewasa justru menjadi pembawa virus,” ujarnya.

Namun, perlu diwaspadai serangan flu singapura terhadap mereka yang memiliki daya tahan tubuh rendah. Mereka adalah bayi di bawah usia satu tahun, anak-anak penderita asma, kelainan jantung bawaan, sedang menjalani pengobatan kanker, penderita kencing manis, dan orang lanjut usia.

”Virus flu hanya sebagai pemicu, yang berbahaya justru infeksi sekunder. Bila virus influenza itu masuk ke tenggorokan, kuman yang berkumpul di tenggorokan akan jadi galak, bakteri yang semula tidak patogen bisa menjadi patogen,” kata Herdiman. Apabila tidak diantisipasi, hal itu bisa berakibat fatal, bahkan kematian, bagi penderita.

Untuk mencegah terinfeksi flu singapura, masyarakat, terutama mereka yang memiliki daya tahan tubuh rendah, dianjurkan menghindari kontak dengan penderita. Sementara vaksinasi influenza dinilai kurang efektif mengingat virus influenza mudah bermutasi sehingga vaksin baru efektif apabila menggunakan bahan virus saat terjadi epidemi.

Pengobatan yang diberikan kepada penderita flu singapura sebatas mengatasi gejala-gejala yang muncul, di antaranya mengatasi demam, batuk, dan pilek, mencegah agar tidak sampai terjadi kejang, serta meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh penderita. ”Yang terpenting mencegah jangan sampai terjadi infeksi sekunder,” katanya.
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